More Evidence for a Dysfunctional Gut Microbiome in Alzheimer's Disease
A growing body of evidence correlates an altered gut microbiome with Alzheimer's disease. The gut microbiome changes with age in ways that provoke chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction, but it isn't clear that alterations characteristic of Alzheimer's are contributing to the condition, versus being, say, a consequence of immune dysfunction. The study noted here is a recent example of this line of research, one again showing that the state of the gut microbiome can be correlated with Alzheimer's progression.
Accumulating evidence suggested that Alzheimer's disease (AD) was associated with altered gut microbiota. A total of 64 subjects (18 mild AD, 23 severe AD and 23 healthy control) were recruited in the study. 16s rDNA sequencing was performed for the gut bacteria composition, followed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The global cognition, specific cognitive domains (abstraction, orientation, attention, language, etc.) and severity of cognitive impairment, were evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. We further identified characteristic bacteria and SCFAs, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive value.
Our results showed that the microbiota dysbiosis index was significantly higher in the severe and mild AD patients compared to the healthy control (HC). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed that 12 families and 17 genera were identified as key microbiota among three groups. The abundance of Butyricicoccus was positively associated with abstraction, and the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 was positively associated with attention, language, orientation in AD patients. Moreover, the levels of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid were both significantly negatively correlated with abstraction, and level of propanoic acid was significantly positively associated with the attention. In addition, ROC models based on the characteristic bacteria Lactobacillus, Butyricicoccus and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 could effectively distinguished between low and high orientation in AD patients (area under curve is 0.891), and Butyricicoccus and Agathobacter or the combination of SCFAs could distinguish abstraction in AD patients (area under curve is 0.797 and 0.839 respectively).
These findings revealed the signatures gut bacteria and metabolite SCFAs of AD patients and demonstrated the correlations between theses characteristic bacteria and SCFAs and specific cognitive domains, highlighting their potential value in early detection, monitoring, and intervention strategies for AD patients.