Intermittent Fasting as a Treatment for Neurodegenerative Conditions
Forms of calorie restriction and fasting tend to reduce the chronic inflammation characteristic of aging, and also produce numerous other beneficial alterations to the operation of metabolism. In the case of inflammatory age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative conditions, a body of work exists to suggest that some benefit can be obtained via these lifestyle interventions. As pointed out here, the human data on the effects of calorie restriction and fasting on the progression of neurodegenerative conditions is far from rigorous and extensive enough to keep scientists happy, however.
Interest has grown in intermittent fasting (IF) as a potential lifestyle intervention for promoting brain health and slowing cognitive decline. IF has been shown to increase levels of circulating ketones to higher levels than caloric restriction (CR), supporting its potential for neuroprotection. As more research emerges, the question is whether IF can be integrated into existing lifestyle recommendations to further support cognitive function in the face of decline. The objective of this review is to discuss IF as it relates to neuroplasticity, inflammation, and neurocognitive disorders. Rather than examining IF as a preventive strategy, this paper evaluates its potential as a therapeutic approach to mitigate existing symptoms and improve brain function in the context of early to advanced neurocognitive disorders.
Preclinical evidence demonstrates that IF enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity through pathways involving BDNF and CREB. IF also reduces neuroinflammation, as shown in animal models of Alzheimer's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment. Human studies, though limited, suggest that regular IF may improve cognitive function and reduce markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Further clinical research is necessary to confirm long-term safety and efficacy and to refine IF protocols for broader clinical application.