Fight Aging!

A part of the genetic contribution to survival to extreme old age may have to do with adaptations allowing for better mitochondrial function despite accumulated damage. Or it could be the case that in extreme old age mitochondria are significantly different in structure to merely old age, and this is a global phenomenon for all who make it that far. Either way, this is interesting research; you might want to skip to figure 6 in the discussion section of the paper for a graphical summary of the authors' hypothesis.

Mitochondria have been considered for long time as important determinants of cell aging because of their role in the production of reactive oxygen species. In this study we investigated the impact of mitochondrial metabolism and biology as determinants of successful aging in primary cultures of fibroblasts isolated from the skin of long living individuals (LLI) (about 100 years old) compared with those from young (about 27 years old) and old (about 75 years old) subjects.

We observed that fibroblasts from LLI displayed significantly lower complex I-driven ATP synthesis and higher production of H2O2 in comparison with old subjects. Despite these changes, bioenergetics of these cells appeared to operate normally. This lack of functional consequences was likely due to a compensatory phenomenon at the level of mitochondria, which displayed a maintained supercomplexes organization and an increased mass. This appears to be due to a decreased mitophagy, induced by hyperfused, elongated mitochondria.

The overall data indicate that longevity is characterized by a preserved bioenergetic function likely attained by a successful mitochondria remodeling that can compensate for functional defects through an increase in mass, i.e. a sort of mitochondrial "hypertrophy".

Link: http://www.impactaging.com/papers/v6/n4/full/100654.html